Introduction 🤔
When discussing moral philosophy in English, it’s important to have the right vocabulary and expressions. Here, we’ll explore how to express arguments about moral realism and ethics in clear, precise English!
Basic Terms 📚
Core Vocabulary
- moral fact / moral truth
- objective value
- moral realism / moral objectivism
- moral knowledge
- moral property
- moral judgment
- ethical principle
- moral reasoning
Related Adjectives
- Objective / subjective
- Universal / relative
- True / false
- Valid / invalid
- Sound / unsound
- Right / wrong
- Good / bad
- Ethical / unethical
Useful Expressions and Examples ✨
When Discussing Moral Facts
Example 1: “Some moral truths exist independently of what people believe.”
“Moral facts are as real as scientific facts.”
When Discussing Moral Properties
Example 2: “Actions can have inherent moral properties.”
“Some things are wrong regardless of cultural beliefs.”
When Making Moral Arguments
Example 3: “This argument demonstrates that moral facts exist.”
“We can discover moral truths through reasoning.”
Conversation Examples 💭
Philosophy Class Discussion
A: “Do you think moral truths are objective?”
B: “Yes, I believe some moral facts exist independently of our opinions.”
A: “Can you give an example?”
B: “Well, causing unnecessary suffering is wrong, regardless of what anyone believes.”
Ethics Debate
A: “How can we know objective moral truths exist?”
B: “We can use reason to discover moral facts, just like in mathematics.”
A: “That’s an interesting perspective!”
B: “Yes, moral realism suggests we can find real moral truths.”
Grammar Points 📝
Using Modal Verbs in Moral Arguments
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must + verb (for necessity) Example: “Moral facts must exist independently of opinion.”
-
can + verb (for possibility) Example: “We can discover objective moral truths.”
-
should + verb (for moral obligation) Example: “People should act according to moral principles.”
Common Mistakes ❌
Incorrect: “Moral facts depends on culture.” Correct: “Moral facts depend on culture.”
Incorrect: “The argument prove moral realism.” Correct: “The argument proves moral realism.”
Debate Phrases 🎯
Making Arguments
- “I would argue that…”
- “The evidence suggests…”
- “This demonstrates that…”
Expressing Agreement
- “That’s a valid point.”
- “I see the logic in that.”
- “That argument makes sense.”
Academic Expressions 📖
Formal Philosophy Terms
- “It follows logically that…”
- “This leads to the conclusion that…”
- “The premises support…”
Logic Terms 🧮
Argumentation Vocabulary
- premise / conclusion
- valid argument
- sound reasoning
- logical inference
- deductive / inductive
Expressing Disagreement Politely 🤝
Example: “I understand your position, but I see it differently.”
“That’s an interesting perspective, though I would argue…”
Summary 💡
There are many ways to discuss moral philosophy in English. Choose appropriate expressions based on the formality level and context!
Key Points to Remember
- Use precise philosophical vocabulary
- Structure arguments clearly
- Express disagreement respectfully
Remember to practice these expressions to discuss moral philosophy effectively in English!